Many staffing clients view independent contractors (ICs) as a more affordable and lower-risk option compared to traditional employees. Likewise, many workers favor contractor status due to perceived perks such as tax deductions or the ability to bypass payroll tax withholdings. Some even consider contracting to be more prestigious or financially rewarding. However, for staffing agencies, assigning independent contractors comes with considerable risks that can often outweigh these perceived advantages.
The Risks of Independent Contractors
When a staffing firm assigns an IC to a client, the assumption is that the arrangement will be simpler, cleaner, and free from the complexities of employment law. In reality, independent contractors expose staffing firms and their clients to risks that properly managed employees do not:
- Workplace Injuries
Unlike assigned employees, who are covered under workers’ compensation policies, independent contractors may not be. This can result in costly litigation if an injury occurs on-site, leaving staffing firms or their clients liable. - Tax Liabilities
When contractors do not pay self-employment taxes or if the IRS reclassifies them as employees, the staffing firm and its clients may be responsible for back taxes, penalties, and interest. - Intellectual Property Claims
Without clear agreements, independent contractors could claim ownership of intellectual property (IP) developed during their contract. Mismanaging these agreements exposes staffing firms and clients to IP litigation. - Client Expectations
Clients often expect staffing firms to bear the brunt of these risks, assuming that all legal and operational issues are the staffing company’s responsibility. This can lead to unexpected costs and strained client relationships when challenges arise.
The Misclassification Minefield
Perhaps the most significant risk in staffing independent contractors is the issue of worker misclassification. Misclassification occurs when workers are treated as independent contractors when they should legally be classified as employees. This can lead to legal actions from multiple fronts:
- Government agencies
The IRS, state tax authorities, and labor departments may determine that the ICs should have been classified as employees, triggering audits, fines, and back taxes. - State unemployment funds
If an independent contractor applies for unemployment benefits, the staffing firm or its client may be audited for misclassification, leading to retroactive employment taxes. - Workers’ compensation carriers
Carriers may refuse to cover ICs, potentially leading to costly out-of-pocket expenses for workplace injuries. - Unions and wage/hour authorities
Unions may target staffing firms that rely on ICs, claiming that these workers should be covered under collective bargaining agreements. State wage/hour authorities may also investigate ICs for unpaid overtime, minimum wage violations, and other infractions. - Clients
Staffing clients themselves can face significant liability as the “de facto” employer if independent contractors are misclassified. - Lawsuits from ICs
Independent contractors who believe they were misclassified can bring multimillion-dollar lawsuits against staffing firms, seeking back wages, benefits, and damages for employment misclassification.
Misconceptions About “Corp-to-Corp” Arrangements
A common misconception in the staffing industry is that using a contractor’s personal LLC for a “corp-to-corp” relationship eliminates misclassification risks. However, this is not the case. Courts and government agencies can easily disregard the LLC and examine the working relationship directly. If they determine the worker is functioning as an employee, the LLC structure offers no protection, exposing the staffing firm to the same misclassification risks.
How Staffing Firms Can Mitigate These Risks
While staffing independent contractors comes with considerable risk, these risks can be mitigated with careful planning and rigorous documentation:
- Partnering with an Employer of Record (EOR):
EORs that partner with staffing agencies bring robust and reliable IC Compliance tools and training to the table for their staffing clients. Staffing firms can lean on the EOR to perform the due diligence necessary to properly classify each contract worker. Additionally if a work arrangement is found to be classified for “employee” or “W2” status, the EOR can operate as the employer on behalf of the staffing firm to further mitigate risks and take on the HR, compliance, and payroll duties for that assignment. - Systematic Classification
If staffing firms decide to operate as their own EOR, then they must meticulously document the independence of the contractors they place. This includes ensuring that contractors have control over how they perform their work, providing their own tools, setting their own schedules, and being free from direct supervision. - Thorough Contracts
Clear, detailed contracts that outline the terms of the contractor’s role, the project’s scope, and intellectual property ownership are essential to prevent future legal disputes. - Tax Compliance
Ensure contractors are aware of their tax obligations, including self-employment taxes, and provide guidance or resources to help them stay compliant. - Insurance Coverage
Consider offering contractors access to insurance plans, or at least advising clients to ensure contractors have their own coverage to avoid liability for workplace injuries.
By being diligent about classifying and managing independent contractors, staffing firms can reduce the risks while still benefiting from this popular staffing model. However, it’s crucial to recognize that the stakes are high and require proactive risk management to avoid serious financial and legal repercussions.
Conclusion
Independent contracting may seem like an attractive staffing option for clients and workers alike, but it is not without significant risk. Staffing firms need to be aware of the potential hazards and take the necessary steps to safeguard their operations. Misclassification lawsuits, workplace injuries, tax liabilities, and intellectual property disputes are just a few of the challenges that can arise. Proper documentation, compliance, and communication with clients and contractors can help staffing firms navigate this complex terrain.
